THE SIGNAL CHAIN
LESSON 22 OF 50 · 70S PEDALS, MODULATION & SUSTAIN

Comfortably Numb

Pink Floyd · David Gilmour
ALBUM: THE WALL (1979) KEY: B MINOR · STANDARD TUNING DIFFICULTY: ADVANCED

"A singing, violin-like lead — thick fuzz sustain wrapped in spacious delay over a glassy, clean amp — that breathes more than it shreds."

This is the lesson where you stop measuring solos in notes-per-second and start measuring them in intention per note. Gilmour's outro solo is one of the most loved in rock not because it's hard to fret, but because every bend lands exactly on pitch, every note is allowed to bloom, and the whole thing climbs like a story with a beginning, a middle, and a roof-raising end. Your hands can probably play these notes today. The work is in the patience.

The Rig & Signal Chain

BLACK STRATBIG MUFFDELAYCOMPRESSORHIWATT
  • Guitar: A Fender Stratocaster (his famous black Strat), typically on bridge or bridge-plus-middle for leads. Single-coils are central — that glassy attack is doing real work.
  • Fuzz: An Electro-Harmonix Big Muff, the violinist's secret weapon, for that endless, vocal sustain. The Muff is a fuzz, not a tube-amp overdrive — it compresses hard and sings.
  • Delay: Tape/analog-style delay for the wide, rhythmic repeats that make the solo feel three-dimensional.
  • Compression: A touch of compression (he's a known MXR Dyna Comp user across this era) to even out sustain and round the attack.
  • Amp: Hiwatt heads run clean and loud, a big uncolored platform so the pedals define the dirt.

The signal philosophy matters more than the brands: dirt from a pedal, cleanliness from the amp, space from delay. That's the template for the whole genre of soaring lead tone.

The Tone Recipe

You can get ~90% there with very accessible gear. The point is the relationship between fuzz, clean amp, and delay — not boutique exotica.

SUBSTITUTIONS
  • Guitar: Any Strat-style single-coil guitar, bridge pickup. Humbucker? Roll the tone to ~6 and reduce gain — you're chasing glassy, not dark.
  • Fuzz: Any Big Muff variant or clone. In a pinch, a high-gain overdrive into a clean amp gets you in the area, with less bloom.
  • Delay: ~430–480 ms, feedback for 3–5 audible repeats, mix moderate.
  • Amp: Any amp set clean with headroom. A clean Fender-style channel is perfect.
STARTING POINTS (OUT OF 10)
  • Big Muff: Sustain ~7, Tone ~4–5 (back off the fizz), Volume to unity.
  • Compressor: light — Sustain ~4, Output to taste.
  • Delay: Time long, Repeats ~3–4, Mix ~3–4.
  • Amp: clean and bright but not harsh; Treble 6, Mids 5–6, Bass 5.
  • Pick attack: medium-soft, near the neck. Let the note ring; vibrato from the fingers, not the pick.
COMFORTABLY NUMBPINK FLOYD · STARTING POINTS, OUT OF 10 · RANGES, NOT GOSPELBIG MUFFSUSTAIN~7TONE4–5VOLUMEUNITYDELAYTIME~450MSREPEATS3–4MIX3–4AMP · CLEAN, BRIGHTBASS5MIDS5–6TREBLE6
STARTING POINTS · SCREENSHOT THIS AND STAND IN FRONT OF YOUR AMP · RANGES, NOT GOSPEL

What's Going On Musically

The famous outro solo sits over a repeating loop in B minor: Bm – A – G. Your core scale is B minor pentatonic, rooted at the 7th fret. The magic ingredient Gilmour adds is Dorian color: a minor scale with one bright note raised, the major 6th (in B Dorian, that's G#). Hitting it over the A or G chords gives that hopeful, lifted, "not-quite-sad" sound that keeps the solo from feeling like a generic blues.

Here's the chord-tone map you'll target — the whole secret to why his notes sound "right":

  • Over Bm: aim for B, D, F#.
  • Over A: aim for A, C#, E.
  • Over G: aim for G, B, D.

When the chord changes, a great soloist changes their target note to match. That's why Gilmour's lines feel like melodies that belong to the song rather than scales sprayed on top. Targeting chord tones is the single highest-value skill in this lesson.

Signature Moves

1) The conversational opener (call-and-answer phrasing)

FIG. 22.1 · ~63 BPM, FREE AND BREATHING. LEAVE THE GAPS.
e|------------------------------------------------|
B|--10b12r10--7~~~------------7--10b12~~~----------|
G|---------------------9~~~-9----------------------|
D|------------------------------------------------|
A|------------------------------------------------|
E|------------------------------------------------|

Phrases that pose a question (the first bend) and answer it (the resolution), with silence carrying the line. Let the delay fill the gaps.

2) The soaring sustained bend

FIG. 22.2 · BEND SLOW, HOLD, ADD WIDE VIBRATO
e|------------------------------------------------|
B|--15b17~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|
G|------------------------------------------------|
D|------------------------------------------------|
A|------------------------------------------------|
E|------------------------------------------------|

Push the 15th-fret B up a whole step to the target pitch, then sustain. Don't rush the vibrato in — let the note bloom first, then shimmer it. This is the Big Muff and compressor doing their job; your job is the vibrato.

3) The climactic repeated bend

FIG. 22.3 · URGENT. EACH BEND FULL AND IN TUNE.
e|--15b17~~--15b17~~--15b17~~--15b17~~-------------|
B|------------------------------------------------|
G|------------------------------------------------|
D|------------------------------------------------|
A|------------------------------------------------|
E|------------------------------------------------|

Repetition is the payoff. Every repeat must hit the exact same pitch — wandering intonation kills the climax. Dig in slightly harder each pass.

The Drills

Drill A — Sustained bend-to-pitch with delay

Trains intonation and patience. Set delay long with a few repeats.

DRILL A · ~60 BPM · REFERENCE THE TARGET, THEN BEND TO MATCH IT
e|------------------------------------------------|
B|--15--15b17~~~~~~~~~~~~--15--15b17~~~~~~~~~~~~---|
G|------------------------------------------------|
D|------------------------------------------------|
A|------------------------------------------------|
E|------------------------------------------------|

Builds pitch-perfect whole-step bends. Trick — first fret the destination note (17) and listen, then bend the lower note and make it match exactly. Tone: Muff Sustain ~7, delay mix ~4 so the repeats reinforce your sustain.

Drill B — B minor pentatonic chord-tone targeting

Trains landing on the right note when the chord moves. Loop Bm–A–G underneath (or imagine it).

DRILL B · ~70 BPM · LAND ON THE MARKED NOTE AS EACH CHORD HITS
      (Bm)              (A)               (G)
e|------------------|------------------|------------------|
B|--10b12~~--10-----|--10--7-----------|------------------|
G|-------------11---|--------9--7~~----|--7~~--9--7-------|
D|------------------|------------------|------------9~~---|
A|------------------|------------------|------------------|
E|------------------|------------------|------------------|
   target: F#/D        target: C#/A       target: D/G

Builds hearing the chord under your line. The held notes are chord tones of each chord — that's why the line sounds "composed." Tone: a hair less gain than the climax so the note changes stay articulate.

Drill C — Long-phrase building (the narrative arc)

Trains stamina and dynamic shape: start low and quiet, climb, and peak. One continuous four-bar idea.

DRILL C · ~63 BPM · BUILD REGISTER AND INTENSITY EACH BAR
e|-------------------------------------------------|-----------------|
B|-------------------------------------------------|--15b17~~~~~~~~~~|
G|--7~~--9--7----------9b11~~--9--------------------|-----------------|
D|------------9--7--9-------------9~~--7------------|-----------------|
A|-------------------------------------------------|-----------------|
E|--7~~--------------------------------------------|-----------------|

Builds solo architecture — the discipline of saving your highest, loudest note for last. Play it three times without stopping; the high bend should feel earned, not early. Ride your volume knob up as you climb for a built-in crescendo.

Make It Yours

The lesson of "Comfortably Numb" transfers to any solo you'll ever play: slow down, bend in tune, and target the chord. Next time you take a lead break, give yourself a one-note rule for the first phrase — bend to pitch, hold it, add vibrato, and stop. Let the silence (and a little delay) do the talking. Then build, raising your register and intensity only as the section repeats, so you always have somewhere left to go. The Big Muff sustain is fun, but the real tone here is restraint: a clean amp, a held note, and the confidence to let it ring. Steal the architecture, not just the licks.

SAME ARTIST · IN THE FULL WORKBOOK

Shine On You Crazy Diamond · Pink Floyd

A liquid, singing fuzz lead floating in delay and reverb, with every note placed patiently.

  • Lesson 23 of 50
  • Difficulty Intermediate
  • Key & tuning G minor; standard tuning.
The rig it decodes:

The broad account is David Gilmour’s Black Strat, most often on the neck pickup, into an Electro-Harmonix Big Muff and tape-style echo, then a clean, loud Hiwatt platform with WEM/Fender-style cabinets.

Inside the lesson:

3 signature moves (The four-note motif, Bluesy development of the motif, The sustained bend) and three drills (Motif & variations (developing one idea), Space & timing (the metronome of silence), G minor pentatonic with wide vibrato). The full recipe, settings, and tab are in the unlock.

That's 4 of 50.

The full Tone Workbook decodes forty-six more, from Charlie Christian's "Solo Flight" to Santana's "Black Magic Woman": Zeppelin, Sabbath, the Police, Metallica, Radiohead, John Mayer, and the rest of the family tree. Every lesson, the same deal: real rig, honest recipe, the theory, original drills. Lesson one reads free; a single $19.99 unlock opens all fifty, all three editions, and the PDF downloads.